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It is heartening to note that India has taken initial steps towards ushering in
the Smart Grid culture. Smart Grid, which lacks a unique definition, is
considered as an evolving process aiming at progressively higher levels of
efficiency in the power distribution sector. As industry experts put it, the
definition of Smart Grid is also evolutionary. What is "smart" today will become
"conventional" tomorrow, and therefore a Smart Grid is only a process of
making the power grid "smarter".
Simply put, a Smart Grid is a sophisticated setup that provides two-way
control between the power distribution utility and the power consumer.
Among other things, a Smart Grid gives control on peak load management
and also on demand-side management. It basically brings very high
efficiency in the power distribution setup and is therefore the best way to
mitigate technical and commercial losses.
Consider this. Through a Smart Grid, a power utility will know exactly, and in
real time, the amount of electricity that is being consumed by each consumer.
The utility will also be able to monitor the health of various components in the
power distribution grid (typically transformers) in real time. The power utility
will essentially have complete knowledge of how the grid is behaving on a
day-to-day basis, and this is the key to detecting and promptly acting upon
any grid disturbance.
A consumer, on the other hand, will know on a real-time basis his power
consumption pattern. He will be in full control to schedule his power
consumption so as to avail lower tariffs during off-peak times of the day. A
Smart Grid therefore can flatten the peak demand curve through efficient
demand-side management.
The Union power ministry has launched a Smart Grid programme that
promises to offer financial assistance to those states that proactively initiate
measures to set up Smart Grid infrastructure. Organisations like IEEE-SA are
working towards creating newer standards for benchmarking the quality of
Smart Grids in India. While all this is encouraging, it must be admitted that
India has woken up rather late. It will take enormous effort, and more
importantly unprecedented political will, for India to come to the level of even
emerging countries. China, Brazil, South Africa, Russia have taken impressive
strides in their Smart Grid journey. The blackouts in north India in late July this
year only show that the Indian grid is vulnerable. Power consumption is rising
by the year and the grid is only getting more complex and stressed.
Privatisation of power distribution that is the most result-oriented launch pad
for Smart Grid endeavours is still moving at an annoyingly slow pace.
India needs to act swiftly, and even audaciously, lest the Smart Grid joins the
growing fleet of triumphantly-announced but lethargically-implemented
initiatives in the messy power sector.
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